Free College Admissions Essays: Hockey or Harvard? -- College Admissio

Hockey or Harvard?    In 1993, the Harold C. Case Scholarship for outstanding academic achievement was awarded to fourteen students in the Boston University junior class. I was one of two students in the College of Communication and one of two students in the School of Management to receive the award.   I view this award as recognition of the difficult journey I undertook to become the first person in the history of Boston University to combine a broadcast journalism degree with a business degree.   Although the university allowed students to pursue dual degrees, it was highly discouraged for someone to attempt to dual major in two professional schools. Some people believed that I was stubborn when I would not accept this. By carefully planning my courses from the start to satisfy the requirements of both degrees and by enlisting the support of key advisors, I succeeded in four years.    For many years, my claim to fame was that I had never been outside the Eastern time zone. That changed in 1996 when I flew to San Francisco, but I still had never left the...

Research on football Essay

Most people in Germany enjoy watching football on television or live in the stadium. Football is not only sport number one, but also the number one topic of conversation. Although it is so popular, many people, fans or not fans, discuss whether the football players are good value or not. So, is it fair that they earn so much more than others? Of course stars like Ronaldo, Zidane or Beckham, but also all the other professional football players have a high training intensity with a minimum of two trainings per day and additional duties like for example meetings with sponsors or fan clubs. Many of them are engaged in social organisations and do a lot for poor and disabled people. They do a lot for the money they get. On the basis of the high number of trainings and at least one game per week during the season means a high strain for the players. They get injured † often seriously † because of this high strain and the fact that their body is their capital. They have to give everything for the money, even their health. These are arguments why professional football players are good value. The training intensitiy, the strain, the injuries that result from the strain and of course the age lead to the realization that the players are not able to do their sport for such a long time. They need the money because they have to built reserves for their later life. The players deserve the money they get, for the clubs make huge profits with the player. Real Madrid for example expands – or at least wants to in the market of merchandising products in Asia because of the engagement of David Beckham. Madrid had to pay Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 35 million, but experts say, that only the sell of the jersey with Beckham’s number brings at least Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 50 million back to Madrid. So the club has great economic advantages. In the case of the most famous players, who are always in the spotlight, it is fair that they earn so much. They really have no private life because of their popularity. They are accompanied by photographers and journalists all the time and do not have a single moment for themselves or their families. They have to bear a lot. In the worst case, they are even blackmailed. â€Å"Nine people have been arrested in connection with an alleged conspiracy to kidnap Victoria Beckham and seek a 5m ransom. † This happened to David Beckham in 2002 and is an evidence for the great pressure the players have to stand. The money compensates them for this pressure. On the other hand you could say that the â€Å"work† of a football player can not be compared with the â€Å"real work† of a factory-worker or a manual worker. For the football player it is a hobby with a maximum of three to four hours of training per day, which is not too hard. For the factory-worker it is at least eight hours of hard physical work per day. You could also say that not only football players get injured. Manual workers can be seriously injured in their jobs too. They could fall down from a scaffolding and break their bones or Another fact is that professional football players get so much more than for example a professional handball player, although the handball player trains as often and as hard as the football player. He just gets more because football is the number one sport in Germany and not because he does so much more. Some people say that the stars bring a lot of money for their clubs or even a whole region. But many people criticize, that the players ( and not only the best ones)still get contracts, that guarantees them millions of euros, despite the fact that the current economic situation is not the best. The point that football players have no private life because of their celebrity and the permanent presence of media that is closely connected with it, could be invalidated by the fact that this happens only to the most popular players. â€Å"German football captain†¦ has had to tell his pregnant wife he had a mistress† wrote â€Å"The Mirror†. It is only interesting when the 34 year-old and very famous goalkeeper Oliver Kahn leaves his wife and his daughter for a 13 years younger party-girl, and not when an unknown player from Energie Cottbus does the same. So most of the players can still enjoy a calm private life and nevertheless get plenty of money. In this discussion you have to take into consideration, that football players have much more free time than anybody else. The worker has about 4 weeks holiday per year, while the season of a football player lasts only for about 7 months. That means that they have about 5 months holiday. Ironic people would say that they need so much money because they have so much time to give it out. The majority however, thinks, that it is just unfair with regard to the rest of the working people. So for both sides you can find several arguments. Everybody should decide for himself whether it is just that they earn so much or not. In my opinion it is not. â€Å"Beckham said he was delighted to be moving to Spain, though most people believe he’s delighted to be cashing cheques for Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ 6 million a year in salary. † That means he gets about 500,000 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per month, 125,000 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per week, 17,800 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per day and 740 Ã'‚Ð’Ð ¼ per hour. I think that is unfair with regard to the hard working people. Nobody is worth so much.

How to Create a Homeschool Schedule

After deciding to homeschool and selecting  curriculum, figuring out how to create a homeschool schedule is sometimes one of the most challenging aspects of educating at home. The majority of today’s homeschooling parents graduated from a traditional school setting. The schedule was easy. You showed up to school before the first bell rang and stayed until the last bell rang. The county announced the first and last days of school and all the holiday breaks in between. You knew when each class was going to take place and how long you’d spend in each based on your class schedule. Or, if you were in elementary school, you just did what your teacher told you to do next. So, how do you make a homeschool schedule? The complete freedom and flexibility of homeschooling can make it difficult to let go of  the traditional school calendar mode. Let’s break homeschool schedules down into some manageable chunks. Yearly Schedules The first plan you’ll want to determine is your annual schedule. Your state’s homeschooling laws may play a  role in setting your yearly schedule. Some states require a certain number of hours of home instruction each year. Some require a specific number of homeschool days. Others consider home schools self-governing private schools and put no stipulations on attendance. A 180-day school year is fairly standard and works out to four 9-week quarters, two 18-week semesters, or 36 weeks. Most homeschool curriculum publishers  base their products on this 36-week model, making it a good starting point for planning your familys schedule. Some families keep their schedules very simple by choosing a start date and counting days until they’ve met their states requirements. They take breaks and days off as needed. Others prefer to have a framework calendar in place. There is still lots of flexibility even with an established yearly calendar. Some possibilities include: A typical school schedule from Labor Day until the end of May/first of JuneYear ‘round schooling with six weeks on/one week off or nine weeks on/two weeks offFour-day school weeks until youve satisfied attendance requirementsFollowing your city or countys  public/private school calendar (This option works well for families who homeschool some of their children while others attend a traditional school or families in which one parent works at a traditional school.) Weekly Schedules Once you’ve decided on the framework for your yearly homeschool schedule, you can work out the details of your weekly schedule. Take outside factors such as co-op or work schedules into consideration when planning your  weekly schedule. One of the benefits of homeschooling is that your weekly schedule doesn’t have to be Monday through Friday. If one or both parents have  an unconventional work week, you can adjust your school days to maximize family time. For example, if a parent works Wednesday through Sunday, you can make that your school week, as well, with Monday and Tuesday being your family’s weekend. A weekly homeschool schedule can also be adjusted to accommodate an  irregular work schedule. If a parent works six days one week and four the next, school can follow  the same schedule. Some families do their regular  school work  four days each week reserving the fifth day for co-op, field trips, or other outside-the-home classes and activities. Block Schedule Two other scheduling options are block schedules and loop schedules. A block schedule is one in which one or more subjects are allotted  a large span of time a couple of days a week instead of an hour or so every day. For example, you might schedule two hours for history on Mondays and Wednesdays and two hours for science on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Block scheduling allows students to fully focus on a particular subject without over-scheduling the school day. It allows time for activities such as hands-on history projects and  science labs. Loop Schedule A loop schedule is one in which there is a list of activities to cover but no  specific day  to cover them. Instead, you and your students spend time on each as its turn comes up on the loop. For example, if you’d like to allow space in your homeschool schedule for art, geography, cooking, and music, but you don’t have time to devote to them each day, add them to a loop schedule. Then, determine how many days you want to include loop schedule subjects. Perhaps, you choose Wednesdays and Fridays. On Wednesday, you study art and geography and on Friday, cooking, and music. On a given Friday, you may run out of time for music, so the following Wednesday, you would cover that and art, picking  up with geography and cooking on Friday. Block scheduling and loop scheduling can work well together. You may block schedule Monday through Thursday and leave Friday as a loop schedule day. Daily Schedules Most of the time when people ask about homeschool schedules, they’re referring to the nitty-gritty daily schedules. Like yearly schedules, your states homeschool laws may dictate some aspects of your daily schedule. For example, some states homeschooling laws require a specific number of hours of daily instruction. New homeschooling parents often wonder how long a homeschool day should be. They worry that they aren’t doing enough because it may only take two or three hours to get through the day’s work, particularly if the students are young. It is important for  parents to realize that a homeschool day may not take as long a typical public or private school day. Homeschooling parents don’t have to take time for administrative tasks, such as roll call or preparing 30 students for lunch or allow time for students to move from one classroom to the next between subjects. Additionally, homeschooling allows for focused, one-on-one attention. A homeschooling parent can answer his or her student’s questions and move on rather than answering questions from an entire class. Many parents of young children through first or second grade find that they can easily cover all subjects in just an hour or two. As students get older, it may take them longer to complete their work. A high school student may spend the full four to five hours – or more – dictated by state law. However, you shouldn’t stress even if a teen’s school work doesn’t take that much time  as long they are completing and comprehending it. Provide a learning-rich environment for your children and you will discover that learning happens even when the school books are put away. Students can use those extra hours to read, pursue their hobbies, explore electives, or invest in extracurricular activities. Sample Daily Schedule Allow your daily homeschool schedule to be shaped by your family’s personality and needs, not by what you think it â€Å"should† be. Some homeschool families prefer scheduling specific times for each subject. Their schedule may look something like this: 8:30 – Math9:15 – Language Arts9:45 – Snack/break10:15 - Reading11:00 – Science11:45 – Lunch12:45  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ History/social studies1:30 – Electives (art, music, etc.) Other families prefer a daily routine to a time-specific schedule. These families know that they’re going to start with math, using the example above, and end with electives, but they may not have the same start and end times each day. Instead,  they work through each subject, completing each and taking breaks as needed. Factors to Consider It’s important to note that many homeschooling families start much later in the day. They don’t start until 10 or 11 a.m. – or even until the afternoon! Some factors that may influence a homeschooling family’s start time include: Biology – Night owls or those who are more alert in the afternoon may  prefer a later start time. Early risers and those who are more focused in the mornings, usually prefer an earlier start time.Work schedules – Families  in which one or both parents work an atypical shift may choose to start school after that parent goes to work. When my husband worked second, we had our big family meal at lunch and started school after he left for work.Family needs – Factors such as a new baby, a sick parent/child/relative, a home-based business, or maintaining a family farm can all affect start times.Outside classes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Homeschool co-op,  dual-enrollment, and other classes or activities outside the home may dictate your start time requiring that you  complete school work before or after these commitments.   Once you have teens who are working independently, your schedule may undergo a radical shift. Many teens find that they’re most alert late at night and that they also require more sleep. Homeschooling allows the freedom for teens to work when they’re most productive. The Bottom Line There is no one perfect homeschooling schedule and finding the right one for your family may take some trial and error. And it will likely need to be adjusted from year to year as your children get older and the factors affecting your schedule change. The most important tip to remember is to allow your familys needs to shape your schedule, not an unrealistic idea of how the schedule should or shouldnt be set up.

Analysis Of Amy Chua s A Very Stern, No Nonsense Mother...

When reviewing the writings of Amy Chua the image of a very stern, no-nonsense mother comes into view. Then there is the exact opposite with the writing of Hanna Rosin who takes a gentler approach to motherhood. While it can be seen from the words of both mothers there is a devotion to their children, in contrast their methods and views of raising children are as different as night and day. We can especially see this when it comes to their opinions of the meaning of success, self-esteem and what it means to raise a happy child. Amy Chua takes a â€Å"Chinese† approach to child rearing. At the epicenter of this parenting model is the drive for success. She states: â€Å"What Chinese parents understand is that nothing is fun until you’re good at it† (Chua2011). This attitude is shown in her views of academic success. Chua states: â€Å"Chinese parents can order their kids to get straight As. Western parents can only ask their kids to try their best. Chinese parents can say, You re lazy. All your classmates are getting ahead of you (Chua 2011). Hanna Rosin by contrast takes the â€Å"Western† approach on her views of academic success. In fact she makes the statement: â€Å"What privileged American children need is not more skills and rules and math drills. They need to lighten up and roam free, to express themselves in ways not dictated by their uptight, over-invested parents† (Rosin 2011). Hanna Rosin does not believe that success is not important in childrenâ€⠄¢s lives; however, she doesShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Marketing Plan For A Company - 2380 Words

Marketing Plan DDJ-F1 From Pioneer BOS: 26712610 Table Of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Situational Analysis 4 Strengths: 4 Weaknesses: 4 Opportunities: 5 Threats: 5 Market Research 6 Marketing Objectives 7 Profit Maximization 7 Increasing Market Share 8 Target Market 8 Marketing Strategies 8 Product: 8 Price: 9 Promotion: 9 Place: 10 Date of Implementation 10 Monitoring Controlling 10 Product 12 Executive Summary Pioneer is a multinational corporation, which is based in Kawasaki, Japan. The company specializes in digital entertainment products; Nozomu Matsumoto founded Pioneer in 1983 in Tokyo were he worked as a radio and speaker repairer. The current president of Pioneer is Susumu Kotani. Pioneer played a large role in the development of multiple products we now use today, some things they developed are cable TV, Laser Disc player, the first detachable face car stereo and DVD. One of Pioneer’s latest products brought into the market is the DDJ-F1, which is currently in the introduction stage of the product life cycle. It is a DJ kit that aims to entice all ages and types of disc jockey’s both male and female in the music industry, but is mainly for the music industry. As this is a new product entering the market, there are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The main marketing objectives for the DDJ-F1 are to achieve profit maximization and increaseShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Company Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Your company revolves in a product market, which means you offer goods or services and have to compete with your competitors for customers. The good that your company offers, motherboards, are popular in the electronics industry. Based on the reputation that your company’s product is basically flawless, you already charge a higher price than some of your competitors. Part of what comes with higher priced item, is quality of the item and wonderful customer service. Based on the sizeRead MoreMarketing Plan For The Company1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lululemon is a company that has based itself around a value proposition of ethical production, healthy living and quality athletic gear designed to encourage and support an active lifestyle (Lululemon, 2014). Unfortunately for the company in the last year it has come under fire for a run of clothing that was far below their standard quality, and was in fact recalled for being too sheer (Peterson, 2013). This incident was exacerbated by CEO Chip Wilson’s comments that effectively blamedRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company3170 Words   |  13 PagesCompany G 1-Year Marketing Plan Student Name: Zachary A Werner Date:7-12-15 â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 3 Product Description and Classification 3 Product Support of Mission Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.3 Consumer Product Classification 4 Target Market 4 Competitive Situation Analysis 5 Analysis of Competition using Porter’s Five Forces Model 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Strengths and Core Competencies 6 Weaknesses 6 Opportunities 7 Threats 7 Market Objectives 7 Product ObjectiveRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company Essay4558 Words   |  19 PagesMarketing- The activities of a company associated with buying and selling of product or service .the people associated with marketing department tries their best to get attention of target audience by using slogans, fashionable pacing designs, celebrity endorsements and general media exposure. Marketing includes 4 p’s which play a key role in success of marketing and they are as follows- 1.product- it is 1st p of 4 p’s , so it plays a important role in product market as it can be tangible good orRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Plan Assignment One The marketing plan for this term will be written for the Company/Brand you have selected. For this assignment, analyze the industry in which your selected Company/Brand operates. For example, Coach operates in the luxury handbag industry. 1 - Using outside sources (cite and reference each source), provide an analysis of the industry. Include specifics on competing brands when possible. Ideas of information to search for: market size/growth rate, industry salesRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company2288 Words   |  10 PagesBrand is one of the most important equities of a company, especially for an IT company. With the rapidly developing of the IT industry, many successful IT company have grown into international companies and got achievement in multiple areas. A well-known brand can give manufacturer a better premium. To customer, the brand also means a permit of a better quality. Because the brand has this character, more and more company has focus on the branding area. In traditional industry like consumer goodsRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company1249 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I started looking for a company to write my final case study on, I searched deep inside of myself, and asked myself, what exactly is it that I prefer in a company. In addition to that I asked myself, what company in today’s global market is very empathetic to its customers, stakeholders, shareholders and environments. That’s when I choose Amazon.com. You see Amazon.com, is a company with a vision, that states â€Å"to be earths most customer- centric company: to build a place where people can comeRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company1177 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: A company refers a place where a group of people work for achieving or to fulfil a collective goals. For achieve this goals a company need to hard work, follow a strategy, need to think for innovation. In this present world on of the most dynamic, fast changing and fiercely competitive industry is Information Technology. They serves many kinds of product that changing our and our world. I am writing a report about an IT related Company. The Intention of this report is artistic plans in companyRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Company1251 Words   |  6 PagesFor a firm to remain competitive, decisions must be made that will ensure profit and success. 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Questioning the Law Essay Example For Students

Questioning the Law Essay Throughout the course of human history, people have advanced technology and educated minds in ways that once would not have seemed impossible. From caves drawings to televisions and from the bow and arrow to the machine gun, humans have continually improved their standard of living over the years. Although we now have all sorts of things people could only dream of a thousand years ago, we still live like cavemen in many ways. One of these ways is our contempt refusal to tolerate severe injustice at many levels of society. Just like most problems, injustice starts at the top, and often starts with the people that are supposed to be preventing it. Corrupt police officers and law agencies have been sifting through the sieve of true justice for years, and continue to do so today. From Hitlers horrifying Gestapo police of the 1940s to the more recent beating of Rodney King, police officers have abused their powers like a broken record. Police have engaged in unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal chokings, and unnecessarily rough treatment of citizens in rural and urban areas from New York to Los Angeles. Just as the founders of our great nation stood to face the British in the 18th century, and just as our forefathers fought to free us from the shackles of slavery, we must now fight to ensure that our democracy is not tainted by the practice of unjust or discriminatory law. Drunk Ohio Cop Found Passed Out (Drunk) In Burger King Drive-Thru. This was a headline on CNN.com on February 21, 2005. This kind of story serves as an example that not all of our police officers are as moral as they claim to be. The most disturbing part of this story wasnt that this police veteran was found intoxicated in his dispatch car, its that this man had the power of our law behind him for years before this happened. Many of the thousands of laws that help police officers do things like pull you over for no legitimate reason, or come into your house without probable cause, were constructed for just these purposes. This fact goes hand in hand with a quote from Tacitus, a famous Roman historian and philosopher, the more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws. Police officers sometimes lack a crucial prerequisite for their job, common sense. Instead of getting drug dealers and other dangerous criminals off the streets, they are often seen in packs of three to five investigating events like fireworks in the dorms, or streakers. Underage drinking is another favorite for police officers. Packs of police officers love to flock to areas where potential underage drinkers are suspected of gathering. This is especially evident on college campuses, where it is inevitable that underage kids will drink. Is it really necessary for three officers to approach and arrest a kid who has had a few drinks and is walking home from a party? These kids are of no danger to anyone but themselves. It is our right as Americans and as human beings to make our own choices, and as long as we arent causing any trouble or endangering other people, we shouldnt have to worry about being harassed by brainless law enforcement officials. Although it may sound grim, I believe there is a brighter future for law enforcement. Looking at history shows us that the trend of injustice in the police department has slowly declined over time. There are thousands of competent and intelligent police officers throughout our country, and I hope that this majority will continue to grow.Just as we must question our government in order to ensure that it flourishes, we must also question the law. Not only must we question it, we must learn it. We must learn about the rights that we possess, and we cant be afraid to act on these rights when the time comes. .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .postImageUrl , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:hover , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:visited , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:active { border:0!important; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:active , .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31 .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20066038367bda41500c6f581a421e31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creation Vs Evolution Essay Knowing our rights and properly using laws that we have made for ourselves are our duties and responsibilities as citizens of this country. So the next time you get pulled over without speeding or you are unjustly accused of something, make sure you know your rights, and most importantly stand up for them.

Evolution of Transportation free essay sample

Transportation is a very important part of history, today and the future. Transportation is what his world runs on. Because of transportation many people and businesses are able to survive. But transportation does not just involve business; it can also be for personal means. Think of how mail is delivered or packages are shipped. In one way or another some sort of transportation was involved. But is transportation as important as it was back in the 19th and 20th century when we didn’t have technology like we do today? Technology today has eliminated transportation in the sense that mail does not have to be sent by carrier anymore, if can be sent over the internet. But when we look at transportation in the 19th and 20th century we can definitely see that it changes over the course of history and every day, month or year we progress into a forward motion and we can see that transportation literally wrote history. In this paper I am going to explore and compare how transportation evolved in the world. I will focus on United Kingdom and the United Stated in the 19th and 20th century and show major comparisons on how transportation wrote history and how far the US and UK have come from where they were then to what it is like now. What is the first thing you think of when you hear transportation and history? Like many and me, we think of steam engines, which lead to railroads, railroads lead to coal, coal leads to mining, and it goes on from there. From a brief overview we are all correct. Steam locomotives transformed the industrial revolution. The first steam engine concept was funded by a gentleman by the name of Samuel Homfray but the idea was conceived by Richard Trevithick. â€Å"On February 22, 1804, the locomotive hauled a load of 10 tons of iron, 70 men and five extra wagons the 9 miles between the ironworks at Pen-y-Darron in the town of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales to the bottom of the valley called Abercynnon. It took about two hours. † (Bellis) Although Trevithick had the original idea for this locomotive engine, it was used in what is a called a tramway locomotive which was used for the road, not the railway. George Stephenson is considered to be the inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railways. â€Å" (Bellis) Stephenson, very poor and uneducated growing up taught himself to read and write and because of this self-motivation lead him to becoming a colliery engine builder. Hired by the Stockton and Darlington Railway line, he would eventually be known for the building the company’s first steam powered locomotive, as the company engineer and would name it the â€Å"Locomotion† in 1814. While all this compelling revolution was taking place in England a gentleman by the name of John Stevens was making history in the US and was recognized as the â€Å"Father of American railroads. † Previous to Stephenson perfecting his locomotive in England Stevens was experimenting on his estate in Hoboken, New Jersey three years prior, which gave him the experience he needed to obtain the first railroad charter in North America in 1815. This set forth the future growth of some of the first operational railroads. â€Å"The first railroad charter in North America was granted to John Stevens in 1815. Grants to others followed, and work soon began on the first operational railroads. † (Bellis) By now you can see that the United States and England at this point were in a nose-to-nose race and very alike in the changes that slowly began to shape history. The birth of the Railway in England began in 1758 with an act for establishing agreements between land owners and proprietors for laying down a wagon-way. This act is known as the Middleton Railway Act of 1758, which granted Charles Branding, owner of Middleton Colliery the right to build a wagon-way from his colliery to his coal-yard. â€Å" nd, as the said Coal-mines and Coal-works lie at the Distance of Two Miles and upwards from the said Field or Place called Casson Close, intended for a Coal-yard or Repository for the said coals so to be sold and disposed of, and it will therefore be absolutely necessary, for carrying the said Proposal into Execution, that a Waggon-Way (such as is used for and about the Coal-works and Coal-mines in the counties of Durham and Northumberland) should be made, framed, laid down and continued, between the said Coal-works and the said Casson Close Coal-yard and Repository, in, over, and through, divers Fields, Lands, and Grounds, in the Parish of Leeds, which belong to, and are the Estate and Property of, divers. Persons, the several Owners and Occupiers whereof have consented and agreed that the said Charles Brandling shall and may have the Liberty and Privilege to make, place, and lay down,such Waggon-way or Ways and from time to time, to repair, maintain, and support, the same Waggon-way or Ways † (Middleton Railway Act of 1758 1758, 2) The Middleton railway is claimed to be the oldest railway in the world. This railway shaped and moved history forward and was a major factor in the industrial revolution. In 1830 The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was operating, amongst being one of the oldest railroads in the United States, it was one of the first commercial lines in the world. Without this railroad Baltimore faced serious economic unproductivity. In 1843, the US Congress approved money for the first telegraph line to be installed along the right-of-way with the stipulation that the railroad would be able to use the line after its completion, free of use. Many investors invested their money into this railroad through the purchase of stocks to fund this project. The birth of the locomotive named â€Å"Tom Thumb† was conceived and placed on this railroad. It was the first locomotive built in United States. This railroad project was such a success that it became the standard practice for railroading and modern business. The railroad marvel was starting to take shape in both countries and soon changed the way of transportation for the greater. The development of railroads in the UK and US grew at a quick pace. Like the United States, the United Kingdom had plans of constructing a similar railroad that would travel from London to Birmingham. The London and Birmingham Railway company (Lamp;BR) was established in 1833 and would later became part of a larger railroad company, by the name of the London and North Western Railway (Lamp;NWR). The 112 miles of track that ran from Birmingham to London, was the first intercity line built in London. The Lamp;BR offered many incentives like The Bamp;O did in the United States. The main reasons being; it is more efficient for the delivery of goods and makes sources in different areas much more feasible and accessible. The second reason being; making transportation for people faster and more cost effective. John Francis explains in more detail, â€Å"First, the opening of new and distant sources of supply of provisions to the metropolis; Second, Easy, cheap and expeditious travelling; Third; The rapid and economical interchange of the great articles of consumption and of commerce, both internal and external; and Lastly, the connexion by railways, of London with Liverpool, the rich pastures of the center of England, and the greatest manufacturing districts; and, through the port of Liverpool, to afford a most expeditious communication with Ireland. † (Francis 1851, p. 23) The fairly new development of the railroad system in the United Kingdom and United States was starting to prove a financial success using steam engine locomotives. Not only was it doing well financially, it is far more efficient on transferring goods, and It has a bright future as a regular means of transportation for people traveling long distances. A report was done in Manchester, England by three men, James Walker, Robert Stephenson and Joseph Locke on the advantages and costs of using fixed and mobile stream engines in newly constructed areas of Liverpool and Manchester. The general question submitted for Mr. Rastricks and my consideration may be shortly stated in the following words: What, under all circumstances, is the best description of moving power to be employed upon Liverpool and Manchester Railway? The comparative advantages of the different kinds of power applicable to rail-roads generally, is at the present time a very interesting question, the difficulty and importance of which, as a matter of science, are much in increased by the magnitude of your concern, and by the various considerations necessary to be embraced and balanced previously to arriving at any decision that would be useful to you, or consistent with the confidence you have placed in us. (Walker. 1831) In the Bamp;O Railroad alone the railroads massive profits were being realized. â€Å"†¦ as the railroad grew from a capital of $3 million in 1827 to a large enterprise generating $2. 7 million of annual profit on its 380 miles of track in 1854, with 19 million passenger miles. † (Stover 1987) By the later part of the 19th century The United States and United Kingdom were well on there was to creating and constructing larger railroad systems and merging smaller ones together. With this as the main focus The Unite States fathomed a transcontinental railroad even before the treaty with England was settled, which would answer the questions to the boundary of Oregon. â€Å"The possibility of railroads connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts was discussed in the Congress even before the treaty with England which settled the question of the Oregon boundary in 1846. † (Haney 1968, 1908-1910) A railroad network so large; it would stretch from coast to coast connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts for the first time. This dream came to reality and was known as the Pacific Railroad. This route was known later as the â€Å"Overland Route†. Cooper 2010, 44-45) With the help of Congress, government bonds and land grants, the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864 made this connection all possible; by connecting existing railroads the dream came into reality and would truly shape history and move it forward exponentially. This railroad system would allow greater communication for the postal service, which was greatly developed in the east but lacked in the west and because of other events that took place in history, like the discovery of Gold in California, the railroad looked more appealing. â€Å"The discovery of gold, the settlement of the frontier, and the success of the eastern railroads increased interest in building a railroad to the Pacific. † (Stover 1961, 53) The railroad shrank the US by linking the separate halves causing an increase in trade opportunities between each coast. The transcontinental railroad gave citizens of the US the increased opportunity to act upon setting out to new territories and take land offers; causing a great acceleration to populate the country. Because of this major event in history, wagon trains were replaced, giving the US the jump start that grew into the backbone of cross-country passenger and freight transportation. While the US was concentrating on the Pacific Railroad, the United Kingdom had a plan as well; the Great Western Railway. The Great Western Railway was the link between England and most of Wales. By 1838 after getting an Act of Parliament in 1835, it ran its first train. Later to become in the Western Region of British Railways in 1947, it had acquired a few nicknames; â€Å"God’s Wonderful Railway† and â€Å"Great Way Round†. After many years of trying to convince parliament to let GWR build new broad gauge line, they finally got and Act that allowed them to complete these updates to the tracks. Because of this it changed the future of Great Western Railway. â€Å"Eventually in 1846 an Act was passed initially preventing the GWR from building new broad gauge lines but a compromise was reached which provided for mixed gauge, with three rails instead of two enabling trains of different gauge to travel the same route. † (Great Western history) Throughout the history of ailways in the United Kingdom there were over 120 small railway companies formed that did not succeed very well, especially when interest rates went up and forced investors to invest in government bonds instead of railways; this caused a big strain on many railroad companies. Eventually interest rates went back down and investors had greater incentive to invest in railroad companies once again. But because of this, over a period of time the government took control of the Great Western Railway and by 1921 had formed an act that would eliminate the competition of small companies, the best interest of the railway would be controlled by the government and according to the region a railway was located it would be placed in one of Four Groups; the â€Å"Big Four†. One of the groups kept the same name; â€Å"Great Western Railway. The other three groups were, â€Å"London, Midland, and Scottish Railway†, â€Å"London and North Eastern Railway†, and â€Å"Southern Railway. † During World War I these four major railway groups were controlled by the government. According to the Act of 1921, 1. -(1) With a view to the reorganization and more efficient and economical working of the railway system of Great Britain railways shall be formed into groups in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and the principal railway companies in each group shall be amalgamated, and other companies absorbed in manner provided by this Act. (Railway Act 1921 1921) In 1948 the â€Å"big four† railway companies were nationalized to form what is known as the result of the Transport Act of 1947; British Railways. While the United States passed an act in 1862 to construct a transcontinental railroad called the Pacific Railroad Acts and The United Kingdom monopolized every small railroad company with the Act of 1921 and later forming British Railways, It is very clear to see how railroads have shaped history as to what it is today. We can notice all throughout Europe and Asia that locomotives are slowly becoming once again a general means of transportation for the ease of human travel; both work and pleasure. It seems that there tends to be a pattern as far as advancements in technology and new sources concerning the United States, and Europe, including the United Kingdom; Europe, making new discoveries or transforming old ideas into something new. Now with new advancements of technologies in electric trains, will the United States be soon to follow the evolving trend that our some of our closest neighbors are creating?