Organization Structure Simulation Essay Example for Free

government Structure Simulation Essay composition Structure simulation Organizational organize is the division of labor and the patterns of coordination, communication, workflow, and evening gown power that guide organizational activities. An organizations social organization reflects the companys culture and power relationships and send away establish tonic communication patterns and order employee behavior with the companys mission, vision and goals. The organizational structure enables effective communication and smooth workflow, but organizational culture is its underpinning.Organizational culture is the underlying pattern of shared assumptions, values and beliefs that govern behavior within a particular organization. Organizational culture is a deeply embedded form of kindly control. It is the social glue that bonds people together and makes them feel part of the organizational experience. The culture of an organization should be compatible with its structure to e nsure organizational success. some police squads fail because the organizational structure does not support them. Teams work better when there are few layers of management and team ups are given autonomy and righteousness for their work (McShane Von Glinow, 2004).Understanding and addressing the need for alignment of organizational structure and culture with a companys mission, vision and goals will abet affair leadinghip to craft effective strategies for successful change management, enabling them to deal with resistance to change effectively thus increasing the harvest-tideivity of their organizations. This paper will seek several(prenominal) structures in organization concept and organization design choices with emphasis on those that will best suit Synergetic Solutions, the company in the Organization Structure simulation. Company BackgroundSynergetic Solutions is an information technology (IT) solutions company in the business of system integrationassembling and rese lling leading information processing systems brands. It has 300 employees virtually of whom are in the sales and service departments in five locations through discover the East Coast. Most of Synergetics employees have only basic com sheder assembling and troubleshooting skills, while a few higher-skilled individuals work as the specialists. Two years ago when the system integration market was suffering from stagnation Harold Redd, the primary(prenominal) Executive Officer (CEO) of Synergetic pursued some ventures in the lucre solutions business of designing and implementing complex computing netwhole kit and boodle. He had four of Synergetics brightest engineers trained and certified on networking technologies, a tactic which proved very profitable for the company. Recently Synergetic won a contract worth $1. 2 million for designing a network, and contracts worth $5 million are already on the horizon. As a result, the networking solution business is now 20% of the total revenue s of the company, which currently stand at $6 million.Encouraged by the early success of this tactic, Harold Redd has made an important strategic decision to focus on the networking solutions business and raise its revenues to 80% of total sales, which are targeted at $12 million at the end of the nigh nine months. He has besides learn quarterly growth targets for revenue and measures of employee involvement such as productivity and absenteeism, based on industry benchmarks. Harold has given you a clean mandate expel the business on its head and make Synergetic into a networking design hothouse from just a computer trading organization within the next nine months.The challenge of the simulation is to redesign the work environment and organizational structure at Synergetic to move from the present departmental structure to the unseasoned team-based structure, developing new HR policies and programs to help employees make the transition. It is also necessary to improve current employee skill plants and/or hire new employees with relevant skills (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2003). Organization Structures In todays turbulent business environment where most competitive goods last eighteen months or less, change is the norm rather than the exception.Businesses same(p) Synergetic must focus on building learning organizations that are flexible, open, adaptable, and ready to act (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2003). In the simulation as in real life, sometimes structural changes are necessary to get through the needs of rapidly changing market environment. Making one time changes is no longer enough to meet these needs. Organizations must choose flexible structures that allow for continuous improvement even after they put new processes in place. When an organization is small, a sole proprietary or partnership where face-to-face communication is frequent, formal structure may not be necessary.As the organization grows larger into a corporation or limited liability company, a more defined structure becomes necessary to facilitate decision making in the delegation of various tasks. Business leaders respond to this need by creating and establishing management procedures and structure to assign responsibilities for essential functions. These decisions and procedures determine the organizational structure within the organization (Jones, 2004). There are several organizational structures that can be implemented by organizations.These organization structures are from two different viewpoints, traditional and contemporary. The traditional models such as hierarchies and bureaucracies are founded on the assumption that organizations exist in a basically calm environment, with changes occurring only as the occasional disturbance. Contemporary organizational structures such as product team structures and multidivisional matrix structures, however, are based on the premise that considers change a natural state and managing change a continuous process (Apollo Grou p, Inc. 2003). Modern possibility theory holds that to be successful an organization should design its structure and control systems to fit with its operating environment (Jones, 2004). To meet the challenges of an organizations operating environment, business leaders differentiate and divide workers to match them to tasks that the organization must perform. Differentiation has both vertical and horizontal aspects. Vertical differentiation is the way an organization designs its hierarchy of authority.Horizontal differentiation is the way an organization clusters roles into subunits such as functions and divisions (Jones, 2004). A functional structure is a design that root words people because they have similar skills or use the same resources. Functional groups include finance, RD, marketing, and engineering. All organizations begin as functional structures. A functional has the advantage of being simple and straightforward, but it has a disadvantage when it comes to handling com plex challenges.An organization needs to adopt a more complex structure when it starts to produce many products or when it confronts special needs, such as the need to produce new products quickly, to deal with different customer groups, or to handle growth into new regions. Synergetic needs a new organization structure because it needs to implement the production of its new product, networking technologies quickly enough to satisfy customer demand. The move to a more complex structure is based on three design choices increasing vertical differentiation, increasing horizontal differentiation, and increasing integration (Jones, 2004).Most organizations move from a functional structure to some kind of divisional structure a product structure, a geographic structure, or a market structure. There are three kinds of product structure product division structure, multidivisional structure, and product team structure. Product division structure is used when an organization produces broadly similar products that use the same set of support functions. Multidivisional structures are available to organizations that are growing rapidly and producing a wide variety of products or are entering totally different kinds of industries.In a multidivisional structure, each product division is a self-contained division with the operating structure that best suits its needs. A central headquarters cater is creditworthy for coordinating the activities of the divisions in the organization. When a lot of coordination between divisions is required, a company can use a multidivisional matrix structure (Jones, 2004). Product team structures put the focus on the product being produced. Teams of functional specialists are organized around the product to speed product development.Product team structure is the organization structure most suited for Synergetic because the company must transform quickly to deliver a product it has never produced before. The four Synergetic engineers late trai ned and certified on networking technologies can be the core of the new product team the company needs to deliver the new product. As the bout of products and therefore the number of product teams increases, Synergetic can evolve its organization structure into a multidivisional matrix to more effectively coordinate the efforts of the product teams (Jones, 2004).The team approach has many advantages. One is that lower level employees gain authority and responsibility, and as a result, decision-making becomes much quicker requiring fewer managers. Team members become much more motivated and participate in the change process more often. In addition cross departmental cooperation increases as department barriers come down. It also allows the organization to more quickly adapt to customer requests and environmental changes. The team approach has some disadvantages that Synergetic must take into consideration.The team approach requires the ingestion of larger amounts of time and resou rces on meetings to coordinate goals rather than on the goals themselves and on productivity. If employees become members of more than one team timing conflicts can become an dilute because of increased responsibilities. Because of an increase in decentralization in the team approach, teams may well lose sight of the big picture and commit to decisions that will help their teams but ultimately hurt the organization as a whole (Jones, 2004).Geographic structures are used when organizations expand into new areas or begin to even up in many different locations. Market structures are used when organizations wish to group activities to focus on the needs of distinct customer groups(Jones, 2004). Matrix structures group activities by function and product. They are a special kind of structure that is available when an organization needs to deal with new or technically advanced(a) products in rapidly changing markets (Jones, 2004).Matrix structure may also be a viable approach for Synerg etic because Synergetic is attempting to become a design hothouse meaning that the company will need to rapidly develop and market new and technically sophisticated products in the rapidly changing IT market. The matrix structure can be advantageous because it enables total communication between all members of the team allowing for a creative cross-over of ideas and the development of a viscid corporate culture.The focus is on the success of a particular project or product not the department or team. It is a creativity-based approach that works very well for responding to technological and market changes because it is especially effective at communicating the detail necessary for success in both of those arenas. One of its disadvantages is that the design of total communication may be limited to the senior management only. The matrix structure lacks control from the top and also formal bureaucracy which may become the target of resistance for managers (Jones, 2004).Network structur es are formed when an organization forms agreements or contracts with other organizations to perform specific functional value creation activities. The network approach extends attempts to increase horizontal coordination and collaboration beyond the boundaries of the organization. To achieve this organization will create a network structure by means of subcontracting many of its major functions, such as design, transportation, manufacturing and distribution to other companies, and coordinate their activities from a entral headquarters hub. As a result, parts or a networked organization can be added or taken away at any time to meet changing needs (Jones, 2004). The network approach has many advantages. The greatest advantage of a network structure is that it allows an organization to be competitive on a truly global scale. It allows organizations to draw on resources worldwide and as a result achieving the best quality and price. It also allows products and services to be sold worl dwide. It promotes flexibility in the work force.Instead of paying a full staff at all times, it allows the company to hire staff as needed. As for the permanent workers, there are challenging opportunities and job varieties because the network approach creates a lean structure in which the organization needs less supervision, smaller teams and fewer administrators (Jones, 2004). The network approach has disadvantages as well. One is that because the company subcontracts some functions, managers do not have control over all operations. Managers must rely on contracts, coordination, negotiation and electronic links to keep operations in order. other disadvantage is that if one of the subcontracted parts of the organization fails to deliver what the company needs, the entire organization can suffer great losses and even go out of business. Lastly, there can also be a loss of employee loyalty because many employees may feel that they have lost their jobs to contracted companies and ser vices (Jones, 2004). closing Change is the norm for organizations competing in todays rapidly changing markets. Business leaders in such organizations must have a clear vision of the future, be innovative, be prepared to take risks, and look for new solutions.

Related Studies Essay Example for Free

Related Studies EssayAccording to Vargas S, she conducted a study entitled Effectiveness of Lemon and Orange Peel as plant louse Repellent. Lemon and Orange peel are good for our body and unclothe. Lemon peel contains Vitamin C and Citric acid which are good for our skin while an orange peel also contains Vitamin C. Its said that mosquitoes and gnats are either repulsed by either scent. The essential oils that can be extracted from lemon and orange peel are the one that makes mosquitoes fly away. Effective insect repellents can protect you from serious mosquito diseases- West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, etc. and tick-borne diseases- Lyme diseases, Rocky Mountaion Spotted Fever, etc.

Theories of nursing

Theories of breast feedingHLTEN508B Apply reflective practice, critical thinking and analysis in health.Pre-unit reading and eagernessNursing theorists and theoriesHenderson The Nature of Nursing ModelIntroduced The Nature of Nursing Model. She identified fourteen basic needs.She proposed that role of the nurse is to assist the patients during when they are sick or well, in convalescence and rehabilitation.She believed that nursing involves assisting the client in gaining license as quickly as possible or assisting them to achieve peaceful death if recovery is no longer possible ( a priori Foundations of Nursing, 2014).Roper A Model for Nursing Based on a Model of LivingThis model incorporates a action span approach, where the characteristics of the person are considered with respect to prior development, current take of development, and likely future development.In combination with the life span approach an independence/dependence category used.The model then incorporates a set of twelve activities of living (ADLs), which represent activities engaged in by souls whether sick or well.Orem Self-Care famine TheoryDefined nursing as The act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain/improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness. (Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, 2014).Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being.Has a strong health promotion and focus.Identified 3 related concepts Self-care, health and Nursing SystemPeplau Theory of Inter in the flesh(predicate) RelationsDefined nursing as An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an Individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help (Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, 2014).Nursing is a maturing force and an instructive instrumentIdentified 4 phases of the throw Patient relationshipWatso n The ism and Science of CaringNursing is concerned with promotion health, preventing illness, compassionate for the sick, and restoring health.She defined lovingness as a nurturing way or responding the needs of a client. Caring accepts the person as what he/she may become in a caring environment (Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, 2014).Abdellah Twenty One Nursing ProblemsEstablished 21 problem areas to guide care and promote the use of nursing judgement.Introduced Patient C take parted Approaches to nursing modelShe defined nursing as service to individual and families therefore the purchase order. Furthermore, she theorized nursing as an art and a science that moulds the attitudes, intellectual competencies and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well, and cope with their health needs (Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, 2014).Explain the difference between a theory and a model? A theory is a group of related conce pts that propose action that guide practice. Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, models, propositions and are ground on assumptions. Whereas models, are representations that allow the concepts in nursing theory to be successfully applied to nursing practice. They may demonstrate how theory can be introduced into practice, for example, through the special(prenominal) methods of assessment.What are the common themes in nursing theorists views on caring? Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and consider nursing practice areThe person (patient)The environmentHealthNursing (goals, roles, functions)What are the age and gender issues facing nurses today?Nursing in a male-dominated worldNursing is dominated by females and if often regarded as an oppressed profession. This gendered hierarchy of women in lower roles emphasizes male domination and marginalization of women in society (Cordon, 2014). The unequal power balance between physicians and nurses has resu lted in nurses lacking the confidence to question doctors decisions and not speaking up in the workplace. Reason for this includes fearing conflict and unders centre of attention (Cordon, 2014).Gender discriminationNursing, in the past, has been seen as womens work because it is a caregiver role. Due to this, men who enter nursing may face with barriers and discrimination. For example, men who enter the nursing profession may be perceived as more feminine. mannish nurses may face the perception that they are gay (Cordon, 2014).Male nursing students or graduate nurses may also have less male role models in the profession as it is largely dominated by females. While both men and women in the nursing profession can be excellent clinical mentors, the male nurse may have near issues that he cannot comfortably discuss with female colleagues (Cordon, 2014).In the field of health define the following terms a) Best practice Refers to nursing practices that are based on the best evidence available from nursing research. The goal of best practices is to apply the most recent, relevant, and helpful nursing interventions, based on research, in real-life practice. b) Philosophy The philosophy of healthcare is the study of ethics, processes and people which establish the maintenance of the health for human beings. c) Vision An aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or gain in future. d) Mission statement A formal summary of the aims and values of an organization, or individual.How do the following Professional Standards of Practice apply to you as an Enrolled Nurse? a) ANMC code of conduct These are the principles guiding behaviour between colleagues, between staff and those receiving care. The Department of Health places high importance on maintaining patient confidentiality and protect privacy and as enrolled nurses we must follow these standards to ensure that all sensitive documents including patients case notes are stored in a saf e and secure area and discussions of personal information about clients/patients do not occur. b) ANMC code of ethics It is essential and important, as enrolled nurses, to ensure that the relationship between a patient/client and a health professional is safe, helpful and therapeutic and is always within professional boundaries as determined by the Code of Ethics. Standards include identifying the fundamental moral commitments of the profession, reprimand on ethical conduct for professional and self-development and ethical practice.c) ANMC national Enrolled/Division 2 nurse competency standards The national competency standards for the enrolled nurse are the core competency standards by which your performance may be assessed to retain your license to practice as an enrolled nurse in Australia. As an enrolled nurse, these core competency standards get out you with the framework for assessing your competence. d) State/Territory Nurse Regulatory Nurses Act The state and territory nur sing and midwifery authorities (NMRAs) to produce national standards an constitutional divisor of the regulatory framework to help enrolled nurses and midwives deliver safe and sufficient care. It also keeps the public safe by ensuring the services they will receive are from competent nurses. e) State/Territory Nursing and Midwifery Regulatory Authority Standards of Practice The state and territory nursing and midwifery authorities (NMRAs) to produce national standards an integral component of the regulatory framework to help enrolled nurses and midwives deliver safe and competent care. f) Scope of Practice decision making framework The Nursing and Midwifery wit of Australia (NMBA) has endorsed national decision-making frameworks for both nurses and midwives. As enrolled nurses, these two flowcharts will assist us in our professional decision making through a structured and transparent process. It also provides us with and an evidence-based process (approved by the regulatory authority) in our decision-making that we may use in support/defence of our decisions should we be required to provide it. honorable mentioni. Theoretical Foundations of NursingVirginia HendersonBibliography Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, (2014). Virginia Henderson. online on hand(predicate) at http//nursingtheories.weebly.com/virginia-henderson.html Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.ii. Theoretical Foundations of NursingDorothea E. Orem Bibliography Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, (2014). Dorothea E. Orem. online Available at http//nursingtheories.weebly.com/dorothea-e-orem.html Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.iii. Theoretical Foundations of NursingHildegard E. Peplau Bibliography Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, (2014). Hildegard E. Peplau. online Available at http//nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e-peplau.html Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.iv. Theoretical Foundations of NursingJean Watson Bibliography Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, (2014). Jean Watson. online Available at http//nursing theories.weebly.com/jean-watson.html Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.v. Theoretical Foundations of NursingFaye G. Abdellah Bibliography Theoretical Foundations of Nursing, (2014). Faye G. Abdellah. online Available at http//nursingtheories.weebly.com/faye-g-abdellah.html Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.vi. Cordon, C.Structural Inequality and Diversity in Nursing minority NurseBibliography Cordon, C. (2014). Structural Inequality and Diversity in Nursing Minority Nurse. online Minoritynurse.com. Available at http//www.minoritynurse.com/article/structural-inequality-and-diversity-nursing Accessed 15 Jul. 2014.Tabbners Nursing Care Theory and Practice Tabbners Nursing Care 5th Edition Rita Funnell, Gabrielle Koutoukidis, Karen Lawrence (2009)

Treatment Intervention for Paranoid Schizophrenia Case Study

Treatment Intervention for Paranoid Schizophrenia Case Study goose Dwight ( non his real name), dated 26 was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in October 2004. In August 2004 diddlyshits best friend was killed by a group of youths who were terrorising their neighbourhood. Before the diagnosis Jacks family was concerned astir(predicate) his constant complaints of headache and tummy ache. He suffered from a severe lack of appetite. He disoriented a lot of weight in a diddle time from 120 to 108 kg in just two months. Jack no longer paid attention to his personal hygienics his body sense of smell was unbearable. Around September 2004 Jack developed an uncontrollable fear that he was passage to be run over by a vehicle. He would not be persuaded to venture into the street, even going to his favourite store to get cigarettes for himself. He became extremely anti-social, keeping to himself in his locked bedroom most of the time. His family could not headache with his anger o utbursts, which sometimes became violent. Thus it was that in October Jack was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Jacks behaviour proved that Pinker (1997) is right when he states that sometimes, when thrust into a radical and highly stressful situation, people suffer acute paranoia.For six weeks Jack was admitted to a psychiatric hospital where a team of specialists c both oned with him. It was on the 14th celestial latitude 2004 that Jack was sent back home, and I became a part of his home provide of care providers. The medical staff prescribed pain killers Paracetamol or Codeine for his headache, and antacids standardized Gaviscon for the tummy. It was agreed that care givers should try to redirect him whenever possible when he complained about head or tummy aches. It was suggested that since Jack enjoyed tea, he should first be offered tranquilize tea when he complained of pain. He was also given Multi vitamins and Risperdal to generate in the morning and even out. J ack is now happy to ask for a cup of camomile tea whenever he has a headache. He understands that if his headache persists, he is allowed to take pain killers. He enjoys receiving positive feedback when he does not ask for painkillers all the time. He has even suggested that I serve him a cup of Camomile tea once every hour because he has realized that this controls his headaches. He has not make this request to my colleague who takes care of him when I am off duty. Instead, he gets the usual headache during this care givers shift. At this point superstar wonders whether this is similar to what Sorensen, Paul, and Mariotto (1988) refer to when they say in some cases the paranoia diminishes for psychological reasons rather than because of the drugs action. I argue this because Jacks headaches seem to place when he is taken care of by some, and not other care givers. To this effect Smith (2003) is of the opinion that the outcome of therapy may be determined by the chemistry or fit between the therapist and the client than the specific modality being employed. (p.61)In order to improve his appetite, Jacks dietician suggested that Jack should be involved in the planning of a healthy menu. His opinion was to be sought and he was encouraged to plan his meals, choosing from a broad(a) range of foods in the refrigerator. Care givers were advised to invite him to participate in the cooking and preparation of his meals, if he so wished. That plan worked very well because he felt a sense of ownership and was very proud to be serving his care givers the food that he himself has prepared. He started to enjoy meals that he had plan himself. This also made him to take an interest in reading the labels on all food packages, and he was proud to tell staff about the nutritional value of foodstuffs. The advantages of Jacks involvement in the kitchen were enormous. Apart from improving his appetite, Jack also took an interest in going grocery shopping something he had prev iously refused to do. He realized that he had to bathe and dress in clean clothes before going shopping. So his state of personal hygiene improved. He enjoyed watching his reflection in the mirror before going out. We now turn the trips to the grocery store into special excursions. I turn over spy that even his need for a cup of Camomile tea disappears when we prepare to go shopping. It is not uncommon for him to bundle the shopping list before going out. Jack recently invited his case manager to join us for shopping because he wanted to show her how well he was managing the shopping exercise.Before Jacks friend was killed, they both worked as shop assistants in the local supermarket. During his illness Jack did not want to see any of his former work pair. He believed that they had plotted against his friend, and that they would do the same against him. This behaviour is in line with what Smith (2003) says, paranoid persons have a highly developed aptitude for fabricating storie s fashioning connections is like seeing shapes in clouds. (p.39) In January 2005 the case manager helped Jack to sign up for membership at the local Clubhouse where care providers collocate with him to attend meetings at least ternary times a week. Jack has met and talked to other individuals who have had a similar illness to his. The counselling they receive at the Clubhouse has helped Jack to want to renew his membership of his former workplaces bowling club. From March 2005 Jack has been accepting invitations from former work mates to go bowling with them. The local Clubhouse operates on a slightly psychoanalytical manner in the sense that it serves all of Smiths (2003) purposes in one integrated package. At the Clubhouse psychological problems are addressed in a comprehensive interdisciplinary method. Clients are given vocational reading so that they can attain some basic skills of concentration and reasoning that would enable them to fit in the job world again. In May 2005 Jack was invited, through the help of the case manager, by his former employer to work some shifts. At the moment his job is in the cafeteria section where he works three hours for four days in a week. He cleans tables and makes sure the dining area is generally clean. Jack seems to enjoy going to work. His job coach, a drug-addicted rehabilitation specialist reports that Jack is an asset at work, the cafeteria manager is pleased and speaks highly of Jack.At the Clubhouse clients also receive training in intervention their finances. Jack is now capable of balancing his bank balance. He draws a budget, based on what he earns from his employer and his weekly allowance. He compares prices and chooses which hairdresser, restaurant, super market, etc. to visit. satisfactory physiotherapists are available to advise clients on the best ways to relax. They teach clients how to breathe, exercise muscles, or meditate when feeling anxious. The Clubhouse staff also organises evening social events during most weekends. Clients are invited to bring friends and / or family along. Jack was reluctant to attend these social events at first, simply as soon as he started going out with his ex colleagues, he felt comfortable to attend the Clubhouse events as well. He has recently made friends with a few clients of his age group, and they love to dance and sing. I have lately experienced some difficulty in getting Jack to stop dancing when it is time to go home. The nutritionist has suggested that his high energy levels may be caused by some refreshments that are served during the evening of festivities. The care givers have been advised to encourage Jack to take sugar free drinks. It seems that Jacks go on causes him to lack the insight to appreciate the full extent of his illness. Pennington et. al. (2003) state that sometimes positive symptoms of schizophrenia curve a persons ability to perceive his or her own condition. Jack realizes that he has missed out on fun activit ies, so he tycoon be trying to make up for lost time. It is at that placefore difficult for him to understand the need to control his excitement levels.Although a lot of progress is made in Jacks health one cannot quantify the success. Smith (2003) contends that in order to measure psychological change, one must accept an instrument to do the measuring. The psychological test used must be both valid and reliable. A valid test is one that is adequately underwritten by empirical evidence and able to produce consistent results. (p.61). It is unfortunate that care providers in Jacks case do not always compile comprehensive reports about our shifts proceedings. There is no standard instrument of assessment that can produce measurable results. Reports compiled at the end of a shift may be subjective. With regards to symptoms, for example one care giver might conclude that a particular action points to worse illness while another might not think so. It is also a subjective matter whethe r a symptom is or not present because what one might regard as a symptom, another might not.The therapeutic modality may be effective, but if it is applied inappropriately outcomes may be unreliable. It is also disheartening that the care providers do not maintain their positions for long. During the six months that I have been taking care of Jack, three care providers have left. Jack needs stability and torso in order to regain his sense of trust and confidence in people. I have noted that he becomes very sad when a staff member leaves. He takes it very personally, becomes moody for some time and blames himself when a care provider resigns.I have also noted that not all family members take part in discussions or attend meetings organised by the medical staff to help Jack, so there is an information gap which slows rout progress. wholeness afternoon during the Easter weekend Jack went out with his older associate who lives with the family, in the same house as Jack. They left ho me nearly 7pm and did not come home until the early hours of the next morning. They had been to a pub, and Jack argued with some people there. Jack spent the rest of the weekend in a bad mood using foul language and banging doors. Time out did not really help. Jack later confessed to me that he was disappointed with himself, for having lost his temper and nearly getting himself killed. Had Jacks brother attended all family therapy meetings, had he taken the time to find out what needs to be considered when Jack enjoys a night out, Jack would not have had a relapse. Care givers often feel inadequate when confronted by unreasonable family members. When one interrogates the motives rear end bullying relatives or irresponsible actions like Jack brothers, one cannot but agree with theories like Bentalls (2003) when he asserts that there are numerous people who suffer from undiagnosed forms of psychoses. Who, if not a psychotic person would expose his / her paranoid brother to a pub f ull of night revellers? such questions are bound to remain unanswered for some time because the memory access to schizophrenia itself is in need of improvement, so that it does not just assume that there is a distinct line between what is considered mental illness and mental health.A lot of ground has been covered in the study of paranoid schizophrenia, but a lot more still has to be covered. Studies examining the diagnosis of schizophrenia are not very reliable and consistent. The fact that it was Jack who showed remorse, and not his brother after the incident at the pub proves this assertion. Assessment is also another area that needs extensive research. The anti-psychiatry movement also finds fault with the diagnostic approach to schizophrenia. Bentall (2003) explains how proponents in this field argue for their case stating that to classify specific thoughts and behaviours as an illness allows social control of people that society finds undesirable but who have committed no c rime. Jack had committed no crime, but his loss made him to behave in a manner that is not so satisfying by society. An assessment of Jacks condition at this point in time might also pose a challenge to psychologists. One care provider who gets on well with Jack might assess him as stable, yet another might not. The challenge continues.BIBLIOGRAPHYBentall, P.P. (2003) Madness Explained Psychosis and Human Nature. capital of the United KingdomPenguin.Pinker, S. (1997) How The Mind Works. London Penguin.Smith, D.L. (2003) Psychoanalysis in Focus. London Sage Publications.JOURNALSSorensen, D.J. Paul, G.L. Mariotto, M.J. (1988) Inconsistences in paranoid functioning, premorbid adjustment and chronicity Questions of diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 25 (4) pp.570-575.

Dart Group Plc SWOT and Porters 5 Analysis

Dart Group Plc SWOT and Porters 5 AnalysisWe chose our company from the aviation exertion, because we intend it disregardnister be interesting to analyze an airline in the watercourse scotchal situation, how they can survive and actu all(prenominal)y realize profit and plowth in this really strong competition. Furtherto a greater extent our company, the Dart Group PLC is not just an airline but scats in three segments, it is a Leisure Airline, Package Holidays and dispersal and Logistics Company. So it can be interesting to see in the end of our semester that which is the parcel they can really grow and which segments need to be focused on and manage precisely.The company is specializing in the operation of scheduled and charter flights by Jet2.com to leisure destinations throughout Europe the provision of ATOL protected package holidays by its electric circuit operator Jet2holidays, and the distribution of fresh set up, temperature-controlled, and ambient products to su permarkets and wholesale markets throughout the United Kingdom. Dart Group Plc is a successful British company established in 2003 and only came to Hungary in 2006. The CEO is Philip Meeson, the company is operating from 8 airports, with 42 aircrafts, with more than 1500 employees.The leisure but besides low approach airline division trades under the Jet2.com brand and operates scheduled flights to a course of destinations from its home base at Leeds Bradford International Airport, and Belfast, Blackpool, East Midlands, Edinburg, Glasgow, Manchester and Newcastle airports. Jet2holidays is the Groups package holiday operator it is an integral part of the leisure travel activities, working closely with Jet2.com to issue holidays to a wide range of destinations from their 8 Northern UK bases. The Fowler Welch is one of the UKs leading logistics providers, serving UK retailers, importers and manufacturers. The business operates from 12 regional distribution centers and offers a ra nge of logistics solutions, including storage, suit pick-to- golf-club and national distribution of both temperature-controlled and ambient products. They success is in always keeping the deadlines, working 24/7, providing integrated supply chain solutions to leading supermarkets including Tesco, Asda.Porters five forcesThis model analyzes the micro environment of the firm and gives a detailed under rest and evaluation of the forces that helps to measure the maneuver strategic competition. According to Porter the five forces be the buyer and supplier bargaining business leader, threat of entry, attention competitiveness and threat of substitutes of products and services. The more unique the product, the littler is the buyer precedent. The customers are lovesome for the price barely if they make alliances for their best interest, they can get more information about the product and prices. The bargaining power of suppliers is influenced by their concentration and the number of unique product they offer. National and industry standards fancy the entry to the market, and if these limits can be met easily then the sector becomes more and more take outive for other companies as well. If certain products or services are inflexible, so there is no substitute product, the company is equal to(p) to determine very high prices because the customers do not birth other choices just buy them. So the profit of the firm depends on the substitute products and the quality of those products. The closely authorised force is the bargaining power, the competitiveness, the scheme of the prices, the quality and the marketing.Buyer bargaining powerThe strong bargaining power of the Dart Group Plc. can be seen from the ratios psychoanalysis that we exit mention later in the paper. The customers are very sensitive for the prices, so that is why they sometimes choose another airline that offers the aforesaid(prenominal) quality for cheaper prices. The services are not r eally differentiated, only in some parts eg. Jet2.com flies with allocated merchantmans while like Ryanair let you seat wherever it is not taken yet. Some people prefer one some prefer the other. The bargaining power is very important in chemise of the cost reduction.If the company has lot of information of others and other opportunities they have the opportunity for change. They also need good and improved technology and their loyalty political platform to attract the customers with highly developed and fast services to be successful.Supplier bargaining powerAs we grapple the suppliers bargaining power is growing because the logistics and distribution industry is more strongly concentrated which can be seen in the prices and in the quality they offer. The change of the supplier can cause problems and has a high stake factor, it can result lower quality for the customers which decrease the whole value of the service. Also there is a threat that the supplier also can manufacture , produce the products. The bargaining power of suppliers depends on price of fuel, taxes and g allplacenment policies which we are going to mention later as well.Threat of entryIn the aviation industry the possibility of competitors to entry the market is small because large capital it is needed, which has a guess that it result not return. The congestion is high of the airports, even if these low cost airlines use the smaller airports. The industry has so many regulations, government policies, economic conditions, environmental and political risks which we are going to mention later in the paper. finally we have to mention the brand loyalty because people prefer to use their well-know airlines, not just because the pouffe but their loyalty program. So to conclude the barriers are very high to enter this industry. In the logistics and distribution the entry is easier, but to be successful they need to be good at several fields, transportation, inventory, packaging, integratin g information and security also.Competition, CompetitorsThe Group has active competitors in each business areas. The distribution market has consolidated smaller companies exited the market or got taken over by bigger players. Risk appears in the sector by losing substantial customers, but the company could focus on services takes and cost control so the risk factor has been decreasing.The airline and the package holiday sectors are very intensely competitive, and the fare price competition is still intense at every base where they fly from. There are a huge number of airlines who try to be successful in different areas, in different comfort and price levels. They have to face slow growth rates because of the high competition and high fixed costs. As we already mentioned the low service note does not help customers to choose, so it is only about small differences in schedules, prices on a given day and also the frequent flier program can be a reason for our decision. They try to f ocus on the customer needs, and reschedule in order to maximize the load factor, yield and revenue. For moral in the winter they fly from Manchester to Budapest in the morning at 8am, while in the spring at 1pm and in the summer at 3pm. To operate efficiently after arriving to Budapest they depart back to Manchester in half hour. Jet2holidays operates competitively from all 8 UK base to the European destinations, mainly to the Mediterranean ocean in the summer, and to the ski resort in the winter time.Threat of substitutes of products and servicesThe substitute of the aviation is road by car and bus, rail by point and the marine by ferry and ship. These are sometimes cheaper solutions, but definitely take largeer time to get to a further destination however sometimes the low cost airlines can offer very cheap tickets that can be cheaper even in shorter way however we have to tote up longer waiting time (get to the airport 1-3 hours before takeoff). So we can say that the threat of substitute of service is moderate. In case of the distribution the substitutes can be other transportation opportunities for cheaper.SWOT analysisTable SWOT analysisStrengths3 operating departmentsGrowth and expansionsStrong bargaining power neighborly low faresSafetyGood technologyBest scheduled British Airline in 2005Group Leisure Award in 2012WeaknessesWeather conditions high CompetitionNon-differentiated servicesOpportunitiesExposure the high fuel price differencesExpand the Jet2holidays programExpand the destinations of the airlineExpand the companies who they deliver forThreatsFuel pricing sparing conditionsEnvironmental riskGovernment policyOwn SourceIn the next part we would like to mention further characteristics of the company that they have to face. The Groups strategy is to grow a combination of organic expansion and carefully planned acquisitions in the existing businesses and markets. The free radical has many uncertainty factors through its competitors, fuel pri ces, economic conditions, environmental risks and government policy.The cost of fuel it very important risk factor and the company aims a fuel price risk direction strategy that enables to exposure the high price differences. In this case the Distribution sector is not very affected by the price fluctuation because due to their contracts they can sum up prices to their customers.Due to economic uncertainty there was a discretionary reduction in travel in case of the UK consumers, even if they regard their enjoyment time as a very important element of their budget. The company will plan its flying program carefully and use new strategies to imagine the demand more precisely to decrease the uncertainty risk. They also plan to expand the Jet2holiday program with new locations and new offerings that can increase the revenue as well.The political uncertainty also has an impact on the demand, and also on the prices of fuel and fill in rates. They can decrease this risk with a good m anagement of the routes and through hedging fuel and foreign exchange risk. The aviation is always at a risk from the extreme weather conditions, and also we could see in the last old age that volcanic activities can have a serious impact. They need a very precise respond to uncertainty events, and also they have a high level of liquid funds to get through an unsuccessful period.The tax burden increase in the aviation industry and the increase in Airline Passenger Duty caused the suspension of two flights to Egypt in 2011. These cost are always increasing and there is a chance that these economic cost of emissions will also decrease the demand of passengers.Strategy versus RatiosIn the business life we use pecuniary ratios to figure out what is the real standing of a certain firm. Through the usage of financial ratios we are able to understand better how the operations of the firm run, how utilized the all-day processes are, and how well does the company hold up in the competitiv e environment of its industry. The strategy of a firm bright out clearly from these easily-estimated ratios in the following of our paper we will describe the consanguinity between the strategy of the Dart Group Plc., and the ratios that came from its annual reports starting from 2007. Of course the frame of this paper does not enable a wide and deep analysis we would rather concentrate on those ratios that could show us how the strategy is supported by the financial policy of the theme.First of all in the previous section of our paper we found that the group must operate in a very competitive environment together with several other jet companies that provide similar services. In our opinion a strong competitive environment generates price war, and harsh cost reduction. Price war brings the revenue down, that doesnt mean similarly often trouble on its own, but if it comes along with almost strict cost, then the profit margin will be quite small. In the case of an airline company this is the reality if we look at the structure of the costs. The main types of costs are fixed these costs must be paid to anyway, so their reduction is not a real option. In addition one main element of the operating costs, namely the fuel cost is very sensitive to the changes of the global economy. Because of the fixed operating costs and through the price war generated almost strict costs, the only real option to maintain the profit level is to expand, to diversify the services of the group, and to build an empire. As we have already described in the previous sections of our paper, the strategy of the firm is to be bigger and bigger, because in the current economic situation this is the only reasonable strategy to generate enough profit, and to be successful in the aviation industry.The group level revenue is interminably increasing, from the 2007 beat of 349 M pounds to the amount of 683 M pounds in 2012, which is an almost 200% increase. This trend could be observed in the case of the costs, from the 2007 starting 348 M pounds they change magnitude almost to the double, to 654.5 M pounds in 2012. This is a significant growth level, however in the case of the Gross Profit Margin a little fluctuation could be observed. The value of the ratio is the less in 2007 (0.3%) and the most in 2009 (9%), but mostly it is in the interval of 3-5%.Another issue is the liquidity risk at the company that we would like to cite from the Annual Report 2012 At the end of the social class the Group had significant cash balances, together with a range of unutilized banking facilities, and had met all banking covenants. The Groups strategy for managing liquidity risk is to maintain cash balances in appropriately liquid form and in accordance with approved counterparty limits, whilst securing the continuity and flexibility of funding through the use of committed bank facilities. Additionally, short term cash menstruum volatility risk in relation to margin calls in respect of fuel and foreign exchange hedge positions is minimized through diversification of counterparties and appropriate credit thresholds. The Group seeks to match long term assets with long term liabilities wherever possible. (Annual Report 2012 p.15.)The company also uses foreign exchange and fuel forward contracts to hedge its exposure to movements in US dollar and euro exchange rates and to jet fuel prices. (Annual Report 2012 p.15.) The Groups policy is to forward cover future fuel requirement up to 100% and up to three years in advance. (Annual Report 2012 p.15.) They have a remarkable foreign currency exposure the most notable are the US dollar and the euro.We also know from the Annual Report that the company have a conservative dividend policy, they rather retain the profit to support further growth in the sector.Another important phenomenon, the increasing bargaining power of the firms can be identified from the financial ratios of the Dart Group Plc. The stronger bargaining p osition comes eventually with the large size of the company, and it is also supported by the ratios. Let us see how the turnover times of the group change in timeAs we could easily observe from these ratios the companies of the group seem to be in a position where they are able to hold back payments to finance their current assets in the best way. From these ratios we are able to read out the strategy of the group their goal is to build up a dominant position in their supply chain in order to be more flexible, and less reliant on maintaining good liquidity. The average turnover period of the Payables is very high and it goes up year by year so is the situation with the average turnover period of the Receivables, however the increasing rate is not as high as in the case of the Payables, and it is much more controllable in our opinion.When we examine the relationship between the current assets and current liabilities we can observe some other strategically important issues. It comes l ogically from the large difference between the accounts payables and account receivables that the difference between the current assets and current liabilities will be also large plus the fact that the amount of current liabilities is more than the amount of current assets will generate a negative net working capital ratio. This ratio show us that not only short term assets are financed with short term liabilities, some of the non-current assets are also financed with such sources, what could generate a problematic situation, if the bargaining power is low. But in the case of Dart Group Plc we found that their bargaining position is strong, so they are able to perform such a financial strategy. We can also observe from this ratio, that its value decreases year by year, that points towards a more stable and sustainable future. This can also mean that the company will reach the mature position in the life cycle of corporations, its size will be even more controllable, and the possible problems from the empire building strategy will be easier to manage.The empire building and growing strategy of the firm could be also observed in the usage of their Free Cash Flow. The group uses a large amount of their free cash flow on capital expenditures however the negative working capital change does influence the reinvestment rate, which will be also negative because of it. From these ratios we are able to see, that in the current state of the Group the growth is slightly unstable, some of the free cash flow needs to be hold back to ensure the controlling of the net working capital changes, plus the high amount of capital expenditures and depreciation also reduces largely the free cash flow. The growth is financed from inside.ConclusionSo as a conclusion we can state that strategy of the company is to continue to grow in all three business section organically. They aim is to ensure the high quality service by meeting and transcending the needs and expectations of customers in all three section. They also try to improve their website with more convenient access to their services. The holiday program is carefully tailored to different leisure destinations according to the lenify and also provides carefully chosen accommodations from all-inclusive to self catering with leisure airline scheduled flights. Their strategy is to maximize revenue through fully pie-eyed aircrafts and utilize the cabin crew. In case of the logistics, provide the best distribution service of both ambient and temperature-controlled products.

Fighting Corruption through Making Music :: Essays on Corruption

Fighting Corruption through MusicSinging about corruption is not a new thing and terminate be described as a disease one can compare with HIV/Aids as been the second most popular in Africa.Thus many see it as the most main cause of many African states slowness in terms of stable economic reaping .It is therefore no secret to many ordinary citizens you who keep wondering or face with the dilemma as to how really their governments are operating .As such life in relation to economic growth during and after post compound rule as always been a litmus test.Sierra LeoneThe make water meaning (Lion mountain) from a Portuguese sailor ?Pedro da sentra also this beautiful diamond shaped country was used by then British colonial masters to settle free slaves thus the capital city was named Freetown .With so many minerals and other resources combined with already many IMF loans been given many see it as been far enough to have change the deplorable living standard o f many of its citizens forty years after independence. It is therefore no surprise to many n view of the present governing authorities lack of transparency and willingness to prosecute or crack down hard on those they found in corrupt practice , the faith of many citizens on the Anti-corruption commission been set up is nothing to go by.State of the music laborThe music Industry has dramatically grown in the last couple of years despite harsh conditions faced by musicians and composers alike. For many music is sacral , thus it can calm the troubled mind and bind the wandering sense. As such , Sierra Leone during the past years has produced some distinct traditionalistic musicians such as John Gbala ,Amy Kallon. , Salia,, Rogers(Rogie),Ebenezer Calender and many more.As old musicians continue to rebirth themselves and young musicians continue to see the music industry gaining its reputation , there is now arrays of musicians in categories such as R&B, POP, traditional , Reggae and religious music.Level of CensorshipThe level of censorship on music is always a big question whenever musicians produced songs about sensitive issues such as ?

A Look Into Kingston :: essays papers

A Look Into capital of JamaicaKingston has been the home to galore(postnominal) famous reggae artists. Why do so many artists come from Kingston? Does it say something about the message of the music and or the conditions in Kingston that likewise encompasses trench town? Background of KingstonKingston is located on the southern side of the island of Jamaica and is protected from the strong northeast trade winds by the considerable Blue Mountain ranges. The city of Kingston stretches for more than 50 mi including 10-mi long harbor. This makes for a diverse community of fisherman as well as street vendors and many unemployed people. Kingston is the largest and matchless of the most diverse cities in the English-speaking Caribbean. More than half a million people dwell Kingston of different decent ranging from African, Asian, European, and Middle Eastern roots. The citys tremendous growth during the 20th century has produced severe overcrowding, persistent unemployment, and vi olent crime. Poverty has devastated Jamaicas black majority and nowhere is this more apparent than in the ghettos of Kingston. European colonialism set up a society of racial stratification and current residents of Kingston have to push-down stack with historic tensions between the citys black and brown residents. Kingston of today is a direct result of the unionized racial and cultural segregation that began more than three hundred years ago, when Jamaica was a British colony. Many of the social and political changes that have swept Jamaica since 1692 have occurred first in Kingston, often in reaction to organized political protests. The history of Kingston itself represents the legacy of slavery and the efforts by black and brown Jamaicans to find freedom and equality in a nation preoccupied by whats left of colonialism.Kingston was founded in the summer of 1692, after a large earthquake destroyed the coastal city of Port Royal. From the beginning Kingston was run by Jama icas white elite, mostly sugar planters from England. The city was created to serve the social and economic interests of white planters. Residential segregation in the form of a color-class system, beginning in 1692, served to reinforce cultural separation. (Henriques, 32) During the first half of the 18th century Kingston saw an influx of Jewish merchants, white sugar planters, African slaves, and a small amount of free blacks in the colored community. Kingston served as a trading post for the Transatlantic Slave Trade and this was one of their main trades.