Principles of Development

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT Early foundations are critical. Role of maturation and learning. Follows decisive and predictable pattern. All individuals are diametrical. separately phase has characteristic behaviour. Each phase of development has hazards. Development is aided by simulation. devt is affected by cultural changes. cordial expectations in every stage. Traditional beliefs about great deal of all ages. ?STAGES IN LIFE SPAN 1. PRE-NATAL PERIOD CONCEPTION line 2. INFANCY -Birth- end of 2w 3. BABYHOOD 2w- 2y 4. EARLY CHILDHOOD -2-6 5.LATE CHILDHOOD -6-12 6. puberty -10/11 -13/14 7. ADOLESCENCE -13/14 18 8. EARLY ADULTHOOD -18-40 9. set AGE -40-50 MA / 50-60 LA 10. OLD AGE -60 -Death ?Pre-natal 270-280 days. 10 lunar months Basic body structure and organs form Rapid somatogenetic growth Vulnerability to environsal influence is great 1. Heredity endowment fund 2. Heredity potentials influenced strongly by envt. 3. Fixing up of sex 4. senior high rate of growth(1cell to 20 inches length) 5. outcome of hazards 6. Attitude of significant people ?Pre-natal Hazards Period of Zygote ?starvation, Lack of Uterine preparation ? implanting wrongly, Period of Embryo ?miscarriage, ?developmental irregularities Period of Foetus ?miscarriage, ?Pre-maturity, ?delivery complications, ?developmental Irregularities, ?Factors influence development point of mother, Illness and infections Blood RH factor Birth complications Drugs, x-rays, envtl. Hazards, Paternal factors-smok,alcohol, radiations , pesticide paternal emotions Diet and physical condition of the mother Hormones ?Infancy- neonate. ?Extreme helplessness ?Shortest period ?Radical adjustment ?Loss of weight Disorganized behaviour ? richly death rate ?Physical devt. ?Increase height& weight, muscles ?Bones and skeleton transform ?Brain cells grows ?Breast feeding starts ?Reflex of new born ? end up determination ?Nature Nurture influence *physical- obesity,aging *cognitive-IQ *psycho- neighborly- Per sonality-reacting to situations, extrovert, depression, leadership,nail biting,sleepwalking,other emotions & disorders like schizophrenia, infantile autism, alcoholism. ? centripetal capacity increases ?Touch is the earliest sense ?Smell- can distinguish different odour ?Taste sense well developed Hearing is least(prenominal) developed ?Vision- half of the adult- color vision is absent or borderline ? SIDS-sudden infant death syndrome-crib death Motor development ?Head get over ?Hand control ?Locomotion ?Grasping ?Rolling over ? session up ?Crawling ?Standing Common problems Unfavorable recruital environment Multiple birth Complicated birth Post maturity- pre-maturity Infant mortality Psychological traditional beliefs Helplessness , developmental lag, plateau, lack of stimulation, new parent blue, unfavorable attitude,.. ?Babyhood ?1. True foundation,- 2. ,Age of rapid growth & devt. 3Decreasing dependency 4 Increased individuality 5 Beginning of socialization 6. Sex grapheme t yping7. Appealing age 8,Age of creativity ? Hazardous(Ph)mortality, crib death, illness, accidents, malnutrition, foundation of obesity, habits, (Psy)-delayed labour devt. , delayed speech, emotional,play,social, family, // ? Rolling over , Sitting up, Crawling , Standing ? drama years 2-6 ?Physical growth ,Language devt. chatter box , Socialisation , coadjutor influence, Negativism, self-centered, increased independence . Trust-vs-mistrust ,Personality-emotional, temperamental, cognitive ctivity level- regularity & predictability approach/withdrwal- initial resolution ?Age of troublesome, pre-school, pre-gang age ?Child abuse & neglect ?Causes__ characteristics of abuser ?90% at home, 90% not psychotic, unrealistic expectations ? Victim ?Families ?Communities ?Cultures ?Parent squirt relationship ?Attachment behaviour ?Sibling relation- regress to earlier behaviour, dupe thir thumb, wet their parent, use baby talk etc ? Father to take care- interaction-play means ?Playmates ?Stranger anxiety & separation anxiety-starts 6months,active father care reduces St.A. sep. ax. related to bond paper Behaviour ? Institutionalization- not harmful, if attachment and opportunities available- eg-MR ? Sociability-1-2 less, 2-increase interest in mates, imitation vocally . ?School years 6-12 ?Learning physical skills ?Learning to get on with agemate ?Appropriate sex roles ?Develop fundamental skills- reading,writing,calculating ? Develop concepts of everyday manner ?Develop conscience, morality, values ?Develop social attitudes ?Phisical devt. -Height,weight,body proportion,body build, 1-2 Teeth-permanent teeth ?Emotional and social devt. ?Personality devt. -family-ordinal position-decipline, school-techers adjestment, society-socioeconomic status, culture-social pestige. ?Adolescence11-18 ?puberty ?State of growth ?State of maturation ?Concerns about physical changes, egocentrism ?Psychological- good look & grooming ?Social changes- peer influence ?Social groupin gs- close, crowds, organised, gangs ?Family relationship- generation gap, cultural gap, identity crisis, frictional, ? Personality changes-pleasing, ideal,maturity individuality, ? Social changes